Laying of slabs

How to lay the color-mix type paving stones well I It is very important that you make sure that the stones delivered for the building are in accordance with your order before you start to lay the paving. In addition, check that the stones have not been damaged during transportation or otherwise, as the right to claim is lost when the stones are placed with identifiable defects. II Remember, laying stones is not an easy task and requires experience and the right equipment, so choosing a professional paving company is a very important step in your investment. Only by correctly laying paving according to the rules of the construction will we guarantee a good surface from both a technical and a visual angle. III The paving stone is manufactured using natural raw materials. It should be borne in mind that production processes vary according to the product and the time of the year. Although the different batches of products are identical in shape and form (e.g., paving stones, curbstones, edges), they may differ in the color even within the same batch. These differences are due to maturing conditions, air humidity, temperature, and color of the raw materials used in production. IV To minimize color differences in the color stones of the primary colors, especially for ”COLORMIX” products: Lay the surface by mixing products of at least three pallets, selecting stones vertically rather than from layers. Using the above laying principle, we will get the original color finish of the surface.

How to arrange well the terrace? The most important thing regarding the terrace is its well-prepared design. Planning will make it easier to work and eliminate mistakes. The design shall include such information as the format of the slabs, the surface, the shape, the dimensions, the terrace downslope, joint locations, the orientation, the nature, and the material of the edge of the terrace. The terrace can be arranged in two ways due to how rainwater is drained. The drainage of the terrace in the first case is carried out under the surface of the slabs, the joints are not filled or are filled with water-permeable material. Another way of draining the terrace is to drain the water on the surface of the slabs – in this solution, the joints are filled with water-tight material. We can use wet or dry methods to lay terrace slabs. 1. Drainage of the water underneath the surface Assuming that the precipitation water will be guided underneath the surface of the slabs, it can be arranged in several ways: using non-adjustable spacers (dry method) – slabs are placed on a stable, waterproof surface, and the slope of the slabs will be adapted to the slope of the base, which ensures that the water is drained, on adjustable spacers (dry method) – slabs are placed on a stable, water-resistant base, spacers are used to ensure perfect leveling of slabs, on adjustable spacers (dry method), on a substructure made of wood concrete, using foil bags with mortar (wet method) – on a stable, water-resistant base, the bags are placed in the corners of the slabs, place the slabs on the bags and level them, then wet the mortar with water. 2. Surface water drainage Assuming surface water drainage: arrangement on the sub-structure made on the ground (dry method) – the humus layer should be removed and the sub-structure should be constructed to take into account the load capacity of the terrace and the characteristics of the ground, then the slabs are placed on a cement floor and jointing with dry sand is made, or slabs are laid on a sub-concrete basis and wet jointing with cement is made, which we fill the aggregate laying on the adhesive mortar (wet method) – the slabs are glued to the concrete slab using a frost-resistant cement mortar or joint designated for the terrace slabs when laying the terrace slabs, the minimum joints must be maintained depending on the method. 5 mm for formats up to 500 mm in length and over min. 7 mm. It is very important to ensure that there is a gap between the surface of the terrace and the wall of the building, and the extension joint must be made if the area of the terrace is very large.

STAGE I – EXCAVATING SO-CALLED TRENCHING The process of trenching consists of removing the top layer of the native substrate from 20-40 cm depth. If you have a small area, you can easily do it yourself. And if you do a large area, you must do it with road machines such as dozers, compactors, and crushers, which will significantly accelerate the progress of the job. STAGE II – ALIGNMENT AND LEVELING OF BASIS After the completion of the trenching, the compensation and the completion of the target slopes and drainage lines shall be ensured that each of the substructure layers has the same thickness in each area of the planned site. This action is known as ground leveling. It can also be done manually with a patch and a precision level, and on larger surfaces with a leveling instrument and road machines. This involves filling the holes and removing the excess ground according to the predefined elevation rows. During this phase, junctions and turnouts are being determined, but above all the shape of the road and roadside levels. Ground leveling is of key importance. Particular precision is recommended due to the future appearance of the surface and its durability. STAGE III – SUBSTRUCTURE A well-prepared substructure is the most important issue for the durability of the surface. It gives the upper layer a good stiffness and the distribution of forces during use. The structure of the substructure is influenced by several factors: the type of native ground size and type of load groundwater status method of drainage In contrast, the thickness of the substructure is directly affected by the type of support and the anticipated loads to be applied to the site. In this way, paving around the house, e.g., sidewalks, will be less thick (about 20 cm) than a layer designed for vehicle traffic (about 30 cm). The material used for the construction of the sub-structure is determined by the intensity of the loads and the ground conditions. The most common material is natural or broken aggregates, used for low loads. As they are intensified, this raw material is replaced by lean concrete or crushed stone. The substructure process itself can be divided into several stages depending on the thickness of the layer. This results in uniform compaction of the entire layer. Aggregate or other road paving material is decomposed and compacted to the recommended density. The substructure of lean concrete is carried out similarly to that of aggregates. Use low water content concrete. STAGE IV – SUBBASE A layer of subbase is applied to the layer of the compacted ground, consisting of a sand fraction of 0-4 mm. The subbase shall be adjusted using a patch in such a way as to obtain adequate slopes. Be sure not to exceed 5 cm of the thickness of the base and not to thicken the subbase as this layer is responsible for the proper seating of the individual paving stones and compensates for potential differences in the height of the adjacent stones. Do not lay the stones on the level of the surface. The difference in levels should be approximately 3 mm. This is related to the settling of the substructure during the compaction of the stones. As an exception, a cement-sand mixture (1:4) is used when justified. STEP V – LAYING OF PAVING STONES Make sure that the stones you received from the stone manufacturer match your order before laying the paving. In addition, check that the paving stones have not been damaged during transport or by any other means and that there are no holes. If in doubt, do not continue any further work and contact the manufacturer as the possibility of complaints is lost when the stones are being laid. The work begins in such a way that the layers of the subbase are not affected. Therefore, it is best to work from the edge to the center of the paving surface. For aesthetic reasons, but above all practical reasons, it is recommended to plan the selection of the stones to minimize cutting. With the progress of the work, it should be systematically checked if the outcome is consistent with the design and the accuracy of the edges and slopes received. Pay particular attention when laying the paving stones to obtain a suitable gap between adjacent paving stones. These gaps must be filled with dry sand with low granulation (0-2 mm). Slots are important – they tie neighboring stones together and force them to work together to transfer loads. The paving stones are laid manually or, in large areas, by specialized laying equipment. It is important to systematically mix the stones from at least three transport pallets. The stones you choose and the pattern you choose will also project on the surface and the noise level associated with the use of the stones in the future. STAGE VI – COMPACTION Make sure that the stones you received from the stone manufacturer match your order before laying the paving. In addition, check that the paving stones have not been damaged during transport or by any other means and that there are no holes. If in doubt, do not continue any further work and contact the manufacturer as the possibility of complaints is lost when the stones are being laid. The work begins in such a way that the layers of the subbase are not affected. Therefore, it is best to work from the edge to the center of the paving surface. For aesthetic reasons, but above all practical reasons, it is recommended to plan the selection of the stones to minimize cutting. With the progress of the work, it should be systematically checked if the outcome is consistent with the design and the accuracy of the edges and slopes received. Pay particular attention when laying the paving stones to obtain a suitable gap between adjacent paving stones. These gaps must be filled with dry sand with low granulation (0-2 mm). Slots are important – they tie neighboring