Author name: Szymon Potoniec

Projects

GENERATION PARK Z BUILDING WARSAW

The first investment with facade panels in Warsaw. The project concerned the production, supply, and assembly of decorative concrete panels. Travertine flat-surface panels and smooth plates are tailor-made for the customer. The precast units have been placed in the main hall of the building and are an integral part of the entire interior. Decorative concrete and shot-blasted slabs have been used for the paved surface around the structure. The surface is unique in the TX Active technology, which is based on photo-catalytic concrete. It is a concrete that absorbs air pollution and neutralizes hazardous compounds. It was the first such investment in Poland. It is worth noting that its parameters have been confirmed by independent institutions. CUSTOMER: Skanska Skanska Property Poland Sp. z.o.o. DESIGN:JEMS Architekci REALIZATION:SKANSKA S.A.

ABOUT CONCRETE, Concrete structures

Decorative concrete – colors

COLOR PALETTE ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE The used palette of cold and warm colors allows you to achieve a contrast or ensure full harmony of the surrounding space. Cold colors: from white to anthracite, which calm our senses and add peace of mind. white light gray gray dark gray anthracite Warm colors: from sand colors to red colors that revive and stimulate. sand yellow orange red BETON CLASSIC Basic colors, intense and saturated colors, are the base for paving stones and refined slabs. Versatile and timeless, ideal for public areas, road construction, and home arrangements. gray anthracite red yellow BETON MONOCOLOR It is the face of real concrete, contrasting colors from white to anthracite. Crude form, simplicity, and functionality provide outstanding functionality and aesthetics, the products in this group are suitable for all outdoor paving applications, allowing you to separate zones, and create any combination you want. white gray anthracite GRINDED CONCRETE It is the face of real concrete, contrasting colors from white to anthracite. Crude form, simplicity, and functionality provide outstanding functionality and aesthetics, the products in this group are suitable for all outdoor paving applications, allowing you to separate zones, and create any combination you want. granite light grey ribs “river” white SHOT CONCRETE A unique, noble surface – the largest possible optical similarity to natural stone. A slightly rough finish resulting from the start process produces unique results on the paving surface. Thanks to the ability to use a variety of natural aggregates, we offer a wide range of colors. SHOT * color on customer’s request white gray anthracite yellow* orange* red* STRONG SHOT ribs broken white BETON COLOR-MIX A complete color range for exceptional paving. Shading effect – a natural color effect with the addition of refined grits as standard with the protection of the WRC1. A wide range of colors and shapes provide perfect finished gardens, terraces, and public venues. warm gray cold gray, gray umbra, coffee mocha labrador beige salty caramel sunset gold avenue LIST OF COLORS AND DECORATIVE METHODS COLOR AND METOF OF PROCESSING / PRODUCT NAME C L A S S I C M O N O C O L O R COLOR – MIX A N T I C Ś R U T O W A N I E G R C L A B L A D O R B E Ż C O F F E M O C H A S Z A R A U M B R A C I E P Ł Y P O P I E L Z I M N Y P O P I E L S Ł O N Y K A R M E L Z Ł O T A A L E J A Z A C H Ó D S Ł O Ń C A KOSTKI BRUKOWE PICCOLINO ⃝   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   ŚWIDNICKI PAVING ⃝   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SUDECKA BRICK ⃝   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   PALAZZO   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   VISIO 10×10 ⃝ ⃝                       VISIO 20×20 ⃝ ⃝                       VISIO KOMBIFORMAT ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   TRESSO   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB  |   TERRACE SLAB  IMPERIO   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝       RUBIO                           SLAB 35×35 ⃝   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB 50×50 ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB 60×60 ⃝   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB 80×20   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB 67×33   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB 100×33   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB 120×60   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB 100×100   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB TERRACE   ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝ ⃝   ⃝   SLAB TERRACE GRC                         ⃝

ABOUT CONCRETE, Concrete structures

Concrete structures

Concrete structures The uniqueness of concrete components is mainly based on different structures. Velvety smoothness, natural pitting, pores after stopped air, polished or rough surfaces, and non-slip structure, they are components that give concrete surfaces a specific character. CLASSIC Basic colors, intense and saturated colors, are the base for paving stones and refined slabs. Versatile and timeless, ideal for public areas, road construction, and home arrangements. COLOR-MIX A complete color range for exceptional paving. Shading effect – a natural color effect with the addition of refined grits as standard with the WRC1 protection. A wide range of colors and shapes provide perfect finished gardens, terraces, and public buildings. MONOCOLOR It is the face of real concrete, contrasting colors from white to anthracite. Crude form, simplicity, and functionality provide outstanding functionality and aesthetics, the products in this group are suitable for all outdoor paving applications, allowing you to separate zones, and create any combination you want. ANTIC Retro style is a classic that looks unique both in the backyard garden and the alleys of the residence. A refined surface is subjected to a special process of breaking the edges without damaging the edges. Rustic appearance similar to natural stone, high color durability thanks to the use of professional, certified paints. SHOT A unique, fine surface – the largest possible optical similarity to natural stone. A slightly rough finish resulting from the start process produces unique results on the paving surface. Thanks to the ability to use a variety of natural aggregates, we offer a wide range of colors. GRINDING The surface was created as a result of the mechanical processing of concrete using grinding techniques combined with the use of appropriate chemicals and specially selected aggregates. There are two main finishing trends: exposed aggregate and monolithic monolithic surfaces

Laying of slabs

How to lay the color-mix type paving stones well

How to lay the color-mix type paving stones well I It is very important that you make sure that the stones delivered for the building are in accordance with your order before you start to lay the paving. In addition, check that the stones have not been damaged during transportation or otherwise, as the right to claim is lost when the stones are placed with identifiable defects. II Remember, laying stones is not an easy task and requires experience and the right equipment, so choosing a professional paving company is a very important step in your investment. Only by correctly laying paving according to the rules of the construction will we guarantee a good surface from both a technical and a visual angle. III The paving stone is manufactured using natural raw materials. It should be borne in mind that production processes vary according to the product and the time of the year. Although the different batches of products are identical in shape and form (e.g., paving stones, curbstones, edges), they may differ in the color even within the same batch. These differences are due to maturing conditions, air humidity, temperature, and color of the raw materials used in production. IV To minimize color differences in the color stones of the primary colors, especially for ”COLORMIX” products: Lay the surface by mixing products of at least three pallets, selecting stones vertically rather than from layers. Using the above laying principle, we will get the original color finish of the surface.

Laying of slabs

How to arrange well the terrace?

How to arrange well the terrace? The most important thing regarding the terrace is its well-prepared design. Planning will make it easier to work and eliminate mistakes. The design shall include such information as the format of the slabs, the surface, the shape, the dimensions, the terrace downslope, joint locations, the orientation, the nature, and the material of the edge of the terrace. The terrace can be arranged in two ways due to how rainwater is drained. The drainage of the terrace in the first case is carried out under the surface of the slabs, the joints are not filled or are filled with water-permeable material. Another way of draining the terrace is to drain the water on the surface of the slabs – in this solution, the joints are filled with water-tight material. We can use wet or dry methods to lay terrace slabs. 1. Drainage of the water underneath the surface Assuming that the precipitation water will be guided underneath the surface of the slabs, it can be arranged in several ways: using non-adjustable spacers (dry method) – slabs are placed on a stable, waterproof surface, and the slope of the slabs will be adapted to the slope of the base, which ensures that the water is drained, on adjustable spacers (dry method) – slabs are placed on a stable, water-resistant base, spacers are used to ensure perfect leveling of slabs, on adjustable spacers (dry method), on a substructure made of wood concrete, using foil bags with mortar (wet method) – on a stable, water-resistant base, the bags are placed in the corners of the slabs, place the slabs on the bags and level them, then wet the mortar with water. 2. Surface water drainage Assuming surface water drainage: arrangement on the sub-structure made on the ground (dry method) – the humus layer should be removed and the sub-structure should be constructed to take into account the load capacity of the terrace and the characteristics of the ground, then the slabs are placed on a cement floor and jointing with dry sand is made, or slabs are laid on a sub-concrete basis and wet jointing with cement is made, which we fill the aggregate laying on the adhesive mortar (wet method) – the slabs are glued to the concrete slab using a frost-resistant cement mortar or joint designated for the terrace slabs when laying the terrace slabs, the minimum joints must be maintained depending on the method. 5 mm for formats up to 500 mm in length and over min. 7 mm. It is very important to ensure that there is a gap between the surface of the terrace and the wall of the building, and the extension joint must be made if the area of the terrace is very large.

Laying of slabs

Lay paving stones step-by-step

STAGE I – EXCAVATING SO-CALLED TRENCHING The process of trenching consists of removing the top layer of the native substrate from 20-40 cm depth. If you have a small area, you can easily do it yourself. And if you do a large area, you must do it with road machines such as dozers, compactors, and crushers, which will significantly accelerate the progress of the job. STAGE II – ALIGNMENT AND LEVELING OF BASIS After the completion of the trenching, the compensation and the completion of the target slopes and drainage lines shall be ensured that each of the substructure layers has the same thickness in each area of the planned site. This action is known as ground leveling. It can also be done manually with a patch and a precision level, and on larger surfaces with a leveling instrument and road machines. This involves filling the holes and removing the excess ground according to the predefined elevation rows. During this phase, junctions and turnouts are being determined, but above all the shape of the road and roadside levels. Ground leveling is of key importance. Particular precision is recommended due to the future appearance of the surface and its durability. STAGE III – SUBSTRUCTURE A well-prepared substructure is the most important issue for the durability of the surface. It gives the upper layer a good stiffness and the distribution of forces during use. The structure of the substructure is influenced by several factors: the type of native ground size and type of load groundwater status method of drainage In contrast, the thickness of the substructure is directly affected by the type of support and the anticipated loads to be applied to the site. In this way, paving around the house, e.g., sidewalks, will be less thick (about 20 cm) than a layer designed for vehicle traffic (about 30 cm). The material used for the construction of the sub-structure is determined by the intensity of the loads and the ground conditions. The most common material is natural or broken aggregates, used for low loads. As they are intensified, this raw material is replaced by lean concrete or crushed stone. The substructure process itself can be divided into several stages depending on the thickness of the layer. This results in uniform compaction of the entire layer. Aggregate or other road paving material is decomposed and compacted to the recommended density. The substructure of lean concrete is carried out similarly to that of aggregates. Use low water content concrete. STAGE IV – SUBBASE A layer of subbase is applied to the layer of the compacted ground, consisting of a sand fraction of 0-4 mm. The subbase shall be adjusted using a patch in such a way as to obtain adequate slopes. Be sure not to exceed 5 cm of the thickness of the base and not to thicken the subbase as this layer is responsible for the proper seating of the individual paving stones and compensates for potential differences in the height of the adjacent stones. Do not lay the stones on the level of the surface. The difference in levels should be approximately 3 mm. This is related to the settling of the substructure during the compaction of the stones. As an exception, a cement-sand mixture (1:4) is used when justified. STEP V – LAYING OF PAVING STONES Make sure that the stones you received from the stone manufacturer match your order before laying the paving. In addition, check that the paving stones have not been damaged during transport or by any other means and that there are no holes. If in doubt, do not continue any further work and contact the manufacturer as the possibility of complaints is lost when the stones are being laid. The work begins in such a way that the layers of the subbase are not affected. Therefore, it is best to work from the edge to the center of the paving surface. For aesthetic reasons, but above all practical reasons, it is recommended to plan the selection of the stones to minimize cutting. With the progress of the work, it should be systematically checked if the outcome is consistent with the design and the accuracy of the edges and slopes received. Pay particular attention when laying the paving stones to obtain a suitable gap between adjacent paving stones. These gaps must be filled with dry sand with low granulation (0-2 mm). Slots are important – they tie neighboring stones together and force them to work together to transfer loads. The paving stones are laid manually or, in large areas, by specialized laying equipment. It is important to systematically mix the stones from at least three transport pallets. The stones you choose and the pattern you choose will also project on the surface and the noise level associated with the use of the stones in the future. STAGE VI – COMPACTION Make sure that the stones you received from the stone manufacturer match your order before laying the paving. In addition, check that the paving stones have not been damaged during transport or by any other means and that there are no holes. If in doubt, do not continue any further work and contact the manufacturer as the possibility of complaints is lost when the stones are being laid. The work begins in such a way that the layers of the subbase are not affected. Therefore, it is best to work from the edge to the center of the paving surface. For aesthetic reasons, but above all practical reasons, it is recommended to plan the selection of the stones to minimize cutting. With the progress of the work, it should be systematically checked if the outcome is consistent with the design and the accuracy of the edges and slopes received. Pay particular attention when laying the paving stones to obtain a suitable gap between adjacent paving stones. These gaps must be filled with dry sand with low granulation (0-2 mm). Slots are important – they tie neighboring

ABOUT CONCRETE, Uncategorized

Can the concrete breathe?

Can the concrete breathe? We are aware of the fundamental problems of today’s world: Hunger, war, terrorism, pollution of the environment, and climate warming. In the face of so many threats caused mainly by human over-exploitation, each of us should take responsibility for our planet and try to protect it. In the field of architecture and construction, the challenge for today’s architects, urban planners, and builders is to design a functional, modern, and, at the same time, environmentally friendly space, where the meaning of the words “sustainable development” is fully met. Eco-design has become a kind of indicator of the sensitivity and taste of the designer. Urban development should be subject to strictly sustainable development in the social, environmental, and structural fields. The prospect of a global environmental crisis and the growing awareness of human responsibility is leading to the implementation of increasingly recent solutions to halt disaster. One of the many components of the environmental crisis is the significantly increasing air pollution. It is particularly evident in urban areas where concentrations of fine particles PMx, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are significantly exceeded. A mixture of these compounds combined with solar radiation causes photochemical smog, which is very dangerous to humans and plants. Concrete with the addition of TiO2. So far, ad hoc measures only partially address the problem of deteriorating air quality. To improve it, we are increasingly seeking customized solutions (reducing traffic in city centers by isolating special zones or even closing streets or implementing additional traffic charges) to improve its quality. A very common way to combat smog, which has been successfully applied by Western architects for years, and which has become popular in Poland recently, is to create projects, both urban and structural, with photocatalytic properties. They can be obtained by using the basic building block of concrete with the addition of a nano-TiO2 titanium dioxide, which is an addition to an engineered concrete mix. This substance accelerates the natural distribution of pollutants by sunlight (UV-a radiation). The production of nanoparticles gives TiO2 properties that can be used effectively in the photocatalytic oxidation process on concrete products. Sunlight (UV-a radiation with a wavelength < 410 nm) is sufficient to activate this process. The TiO2 particle thus induced is transformed to form hydroxyl radicals (OH•) and active oxygen (superoxide anion radical O2) with highly oxidative properties on its surface. As the resulting compounds are very reactive, they are rapidly changing, reacting with organic and inorganic substances. The newly formed products are then neutralized by the concrete components. The result of the whole process is harmless compounds that do not pose a risk to humans and the environment. A very important feature of the photocatalyst (TiO2) is that, despite taking part in the reactions involved, it remains unchanged in quantity and chemical form. This ensures that the ongoing process is sustainable and constantly renewable. The photocatalytic surface obtained from concrete components, under the influence of sunlight, gains the ability to absorb NOx oxides and oxidize them to NO3 nitrogen ions. These ions then react on the surface of the concrete with [Ca(OH)2] [ca(OH)2], finally forming environmentally safe salts (calcium nitrates) which are rinsed off by atmospheric precipitation. Self-cleaning with TiO2 The use of a photocatalyst in the manufacture of concrete components, in addition to the properties of the air cleaner from gaseous pollutants, allows them to maintain the original appearance of the surface. The ability to self-clean also results from the other properties of TiO2. This results in a change in the wetting angle of the surface of the photocatalyst under the influence of UV radiation, which decreases almost to zero. This makes rain droplets on the concrete surface produce a thin water film to facilitate the removal of impurities. This solution is particularly important in construction sites operating in high-traffic areas. Due to the reduction of air pollution and dirt on concrete surfaces, it can be used effectively to design concrete building facades, surfaces, and urban architecture elements. This solution ideally responds to the growing demand for top-quality precast concrete that is capable of meeting modern design trends, space creation, and the drive for unique, environmentally friendly architecture. The technology of photocatalytic products manufacture does not change the basic characteristics of concrete in any way, nor does it affect its aesthetic characteristics. Designed components with unlimited shapes, rich colors, different finishing methods, and parameters that classify products as environmentally friendly are a unique offer for conscious risks and environmentally friendly design of architects and engineers. The photocatalytic surface obtained in the concrete element, under the influence of sunlight, gains the ability to absorb NOx oxides and oxidize them into NO3 nitrogen ions. These ions then react on the surface of the concrete with calcium hydroxide to form the final environmentally safe salts. Author: Jakub Suchorzewski

Impregnation, TECHNOLOGIES

Methods of securing the surface

Methods of securing the surface WRC 1 SYSTEM enhanced durability and color intensity reduction of the dirt absorption protection against weather conditions dirt penetrates but much slower WRC 5 SYSTEM the highest level of surface protection super easy to care foreign substances do not penetrate the structure of the product high color durability stains caused by foreign matter (clay, fruit, ketchup, mayonnaise, red wine, fat from the grille, oil) are easier to remove The WRC5 coating significantly improves the texture, strength, and abrasion characteristics of the surface YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN IT Chemicals for concrete CHECK OUR SOLUTIONS

TECHNOLOGIES

GRC TECHNOLOGY*

Fiberglass technology GRC* Technology developed in 1969, the alkali-resistant fiber technology AR of sodium zirconium glass, has led to the development of thin-walled precast concrete units GRC. The method of projecting concrete with the addition of glass fiber produces thin-walled (4-12 mm) both flat, formed (curved), and free-form units in 3-D space, large-scale façade elements, or other types of products. *GRC – Glass – Fiber Reinforced Concrete BENEFITS OF GRC TECHNOLOGY THE TYPES OF FIBERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FACADE PANELS Glass fiber (used for the spray method) Glass fiber (used for the immerse method) Polypropylene fiber PEBEK PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY THE CASTING METHOD THE CASTING METHOD Type of fiber Glass fiber Glass fiber Polypropylene fiber (anti-shrink) The quantity of fiber dispensed up to 6.0% up to 2.0% 0.0% Minimum thicknesses >>12-25 mm >>12-25 mm >>25-40 mm Forming Any flat, spatial, and 3D elements Flat units Flat units Technical specifications High bending strength Standard bending strength Low bending strength Technical specifications Super light element Relatively small unit weight High unit weight

Projects

CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTER JAN NOWAK JEZIORANSKI STREET, WARSAW

Currently ongoing project of production, supply, and assembly of facade panels for investments of the Cultural and Educational Center at Jan Nowak Jezioranski Street in Warsaw. An elevation of more than 530 panels of decorative concrete, the surface of which has been custom-made. Once again, the scope of the project concerned not only the production and supply of the panels themselves but also the proper installation. For this purpose, a dedicated anchoring system is available, for the brands which are already built into the precast stage. CUSTOMER: Skanska Property Poland Sp. z.o.o. Warsaw Municipal Office Praga Południe DESIGN:„Biuro 87A” S.C. Marek Nowacki Małgorzata Adamowicz-Nowacka REALIZATION:PBO ŚLĄSKA Sp. z o.o.

BEZPŁATNY PROJEKT
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